CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.

XI.

Pages

NOTES ON SCULPTURE

1--24

Some practical hints (706--709).--Notes on the casting of the Sforza monument (710--715).--Models for the horse of the Sforza monument (716--718).--Occasional references to the Sforza monument (719--724).--The project of the Trivulzio monument (725).--The mint of Rome (726).--On the coining of medals (727. 728).--On plaster (729. 730).--On bronze casting generally (731--740).

INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS ON THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS AND WRITINGS ON ARCHITECTURE

25. 26

XII.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS

27--74

I. Plans for towns (741--744)--II. Plans for canals and streets in a town (745--747).--III. Castles and villas.--A. Castles.--B. Projects for palaces.--C. Plans for small castles or villas (748--752).--IV. Ecclesiastical Architecture.--A. General observations (753--755).--B. The theory of constructing Domes.--1. Churches formed on the plan of a Greek cross.--Group I. Domes rising from a circular base.--Group II. Domes rising from a square base.--Group III. Domes rising from a square base and four pillars.--Group IV. Domes rising above an octagonal base.--Group V. Suggested by S. Lorenzo at Milan (756).--2. Churches formed on the plan of a Latin cross.--A. Studies after existing monuments.--B. Designs or Studies (757).--C. Studies for a form of church most proper for preaching--D. Design for a mausoleum.--E. Studies for the Central tower or Tiburio of Milan Cathedral (758).--F. The Project for lifting up the Battistero of Florence and setting it on a basement.--G. Description of an unknown temple (759).--V. Palace architecture (760-763).--VI. Studies of architectural details (764--769).

XIII.

THEORETICAL WRITINGS ON ARCHITECTURE

75--99

I. On Fissures in walls (770--776).--II. On Fissures in niches (777--778).--III. On the nature of the arch (779--788).--IV. On Foundations, the nature of the ground and supports (789--792).--V. On the resistance of beams (793--795)

p. viii

REMARKS ON THE STYLE OF LEONARDO'S ARCHITECTURE

100--104

XIV.

ANATOMY, ZOOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY

105--133

I. ANATOMY:--A general introduction (796).--Plans and suggestions for the arrangement of materials (797--802).--Plans for the representation of muscles by drawings (803--809).--On corpulency and leanness (809--811).--The divisions of the head (812.--813).--Physiological problems (814. 815).--II. ZOOLOGY AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY:--The divisions of the animal kingdom (816. 817).--Miscellaneous notes on the study of Zoology (818 -821).--Comparative study of the structure of bones and of the action of muscles (822--826).--III. PHYSIOLOGY:--Comparative study of the organs of sense in men and animals (827).--Advantages in the structure of the eye in certain animals (828 to 831).--Remarks on the organs of speech (832. 833).--On the conditions of sight (834. 835).--The seat of the common sense (836).--On the origin of the soul (837).--On the relations of the soul to the organs of sense (838).--On involuntary muscular action (839).--Miscellaneous physiological observations (840--842).--The laws of nutrition and the support of life (843-848).--On the circulation of the blood (848--850).--Some notes on medicine (851--855).

XV.

ASTRONOMY

135--172

I. THE EARTH AS A PLANET:--The earth's place in the universe (857. 858).--The fundamental laws of the solar system (859--864).--How to prove that the earth is a planet (865--867).--The principles of astronomical perspective (868 to 873).--On the luminosity of the earth in the universal space (874--878).--II. THE SUN:--The question of the true and of the apparent size of the sun (879--884).--Of the nature of sunlight (885).--Considerations as to the size of the sun (886-891).--III. THE MOON:--On the luminosity of the moon (892 to 901).--Explanation of the lumen cinereum of the moon (902).--On the spots in the moon (903--907).--On the moon's halo (908).--On instruments for observing the moon (909. 910).--IV. THE STARS:--On the light of the stars (911-913).--Observations on the stars (914).--On the history of astronomy (915).--Of time and its divisions (916--918).

XVI.

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

173--221

INTRODUCTION.--Schemes for the arrangement of the materials (919--928).--General introduction (929).--I. OF THE NATURE OF WATER:--The arrangement of Book I (930).--Definitions (931.--932).--Of the surface of the water in relation to the globe (933--936).--Of the proportion of the mass of water to that of the earth (937--938).--The theory of Plato (939).--That the flow of rivers proves the slope of the land (940).--Theory of the elevation of water within the mountains (940.--The relative height of the surface of the sea to that of the land (942--945).--II. ON THE OCEAN:--Refutation of Pliny's theory as to the saltness of the sea (946.--947).--The characteristics of sea water (948. 949).--On the formation of gulfs (950. 951).--On the encroachments of the sea on the land and vice versa (952--954).--The ebb and flow of the tide (955--960).--III. SUBTERRANEAN WATER COURSES:--Theory of the circulation of the waters (961. 962).--Observations in support of the hypothesis (963--969).--IV. OF RIVERS:--On the way in which the sources of rivers are fed (970).--The tide in estuaries (975).--On the alterations caused in the courses of rivers by their confluence (972--974).--Whirlpools (975).--On the alterations in the channels of rivers (976).--The origin of sand in rivers (977. 978).--V. ON MOUNTAINS:--The formation of mountains (979-983).--The authorities for the study

p. ix

of the structure of the earth (984).--VI. GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS:--Programme (985).--Doubts about the Deluge (986).--That marine shells could not go up the mountains (987).--The marine shells were not produced away from the sea (988).--Further researches (989--991).--Other problems (992--994).--VII. On the atmosphere:--Constituents of the atmosphere (995).--On the motion of air (996--999).--The globe an organism (1000).

XVII.

TOPOGRAPHICAL NOTES

223-270

I. ITALY:--Canals in connection with the Arno (1001--I008).--Canals in the Milanese (1009-1013).--Estimates and preparatory studies for canals (1014. 1015.).--Notes on buildings at Milan (1016-1019).--Remarks on natural phenomena in and near Milan (1021. 1022).--Note on Pavia (1023).--Notes on the Sforzesca near Vigevano (1024--1028).--Notes on the North Italian lakes (1029--1033).--Notes on places in Central Italy, visited in 1502 (1034--1054).--Alessandria in Piedmont (1055. 1056).--The Alps (1057-1062).--The Appenines (1063-1068).--II. FRANCE (069-1079).--On the Germans (1080. 1081).--The Danube (1082).--III. THE COUNTRIES OF THE WESTERN END OF THE MEDITERRANEAN:--The straits of Gibraltar (1083- 035).--Tunis (1086).--Libya (1087).--Majorca (1088).--The Tyrrhene Sea (1089).--IV. THE LEVANT.--The Levantine Sea (1090).--The Red Sea (1091. 1092).--The Nile (1093-1098).--Customs of Asiatic Nations (1099. 1100).--Rhodes (1101. 1102).--Cyprus (1103. 1104).--The Caspian Sea (1105. 1106).--The sea of Azov (1107).--The Dardanelles (1108).--Constantinople (110).--The Euphrates (1110).--Central Asia (1111).--On the natives of hot countries (1112).

XVIII.

NAVAL WARFARE.--MECHANICAL APPLIANCES.--MUSIC

272-282

The ship's log of Vitruvius, of Alberti and of Leonardo (1113).--Methods of staying and moving in waters (1114).--On naval warfare (1115. 1116).--The use of swimming belts (1117).--On the gravity of water (1118).--Diving apparatus and skating (1119--1121).--On flying-machines (1122--1126).--On mining (1127).--On Greek fire (1128).--On music (1129. 1130).

XIX.

PHILOSOPHICAL MAXIMS. MORALS. POLEMICS AND SPECULATIONS

283-311

I. PHILOSOPHICAL MAXIMS:--Prayers to God (1132. 1133).--The powers of Nature (1134-1139).--Psychology (1140--1147).--Science, its principles and rules (1148-1161).--II. MORALS:--What is life? (1162. 1163).--Death (1164).--How to spend life (1165-1179).--On foolishness and ignorance (1180--1182).--On riches (1183--1187).--Rules of life (1188--1202).--Politics (1203. 1204).--III. POLEMICS.--SPECULATION:--Against speculators (1205. 1206).--Against alchimists (1207. 1208).--Against friars (1209).--Against writers of epitomes (1210).--On spirits (1211-1215).--Nonentity (1216).--Reflections on Nature (1217-1219).

XX.

HUMOROUS WRITINGS

313-379

I. STUDIES ON THE LIFE AND HABITS OF ANIMALS (1220--1264).--II. FABLES:--Fables on animals (1265-1270).--Fables on lifeless objects (1271--1274).--Fables On plants (1275-1279).--III. JESTS AND TALES (1280--1292).--IV. PROPHECIES (1293--1313).--V. DRAUGHTS AND SCHEMES FOR THE HUMOROUS WRITINGS: Schemes for Fables &c. (1314-1323); Schemes for Prophecies (1324-1329); Irony (1331. 1332).--Tricks (1333--1335).

p. x

XXI.

LETTERS. PERSONAL RECORDS. DATED NOTES

381-417

Draughts of letters and reports referring to Armenia (1336. 1337).--Notes about adventures abroad (1338. 1339).--Draughts of letters to Lodovico il Moro (1340-1345).--Draught of letter to a Commission at Piacenza (1346 to 1347).--Letter to the Cardinal Ippolito d'Este (1348).--Draught of letter to the French Governor of Milan (1349).--Draughts of letters to the Superintendent of canals and to Melzi (1350).--Draughts of letter to Giuliano de' Medici (1351. 1352).--Draught of a letter written at Rome (1353).--A fanciful letter (1354).--Miscellaneous draughts of letters and personal records (1355 to 1368).--Notes bearing dates (1369-1378).

XXII.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES

419-472

Memoranda before the year 1500 (1379-1413).--Memoranda after the year 1500 (1414--1434).--Memoranda of unknown dates (1435-1457).--Notes on pupils and artisans (1458--1468).--Quotations and notes on books and authors (1469--1508).--Inventories and Accounts (1509--1545).--Notes in unknown handwriting among the Manuscripts (1546--5565).--Leonardo's will (1566).

REFERENCE TABLE TO THE NUMERICAL ORDER OF THE CHAPTERS

473-478

APPENDIX

479-499

History of the Manuscripts. Bibliography.