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Sacred Texts Australia

The Native Tribes of North Central Australia, by Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen [1899], at sacred-texts.com

IN the following table we give the measurements of twenty males and ten females, all mature, the majority of whom belonged to the Arunta tribe. The measurements follow those recommended by Broca. ¹ The facial angle was determined by means of Broca's “facial and lateral goniometer” and it must be stated that, apart from the natural reluctance of the natives to remain sufficiently quiet under what was at least an uncomfortable and to them mysterious and therefore not agreeable operation, the thick hair on the upper lip made it very difficult to take the measurement satisfactorily. The greased and matted nature of the hair make it also difficult to be quite accurate with regard to other head measurements, while the habit of pulling out the hairs on the forehead render it sometimes a little difficult to be quite sure as to exactly where the hairs start on the forehead.

We did not attempt to obtain any skulls, for the simple reason that while the desecration of native graves might have enabled us to secure a few, it would at once have put a stop to work in other branches which we have been as yet more anxious to study than to obtain anthropometric data. To have opened native graves would have meant the closing of sources of information with regard to habits and customs.

p. 644

	1. Male.	2. Male.	3. Male.	4. Male.	5. Male.	6. Male.	7. Male.	8. Male.	9. Male.	10. Male.	11. Male.	12. Male.	13. Male.	14. Male.	15. Male.
Head Measurements—
Antero-posterior maximum	18.2	19	19	18.3	19.2	19	18.1	20.4	18.9	19	19	18.8	18.1	18	20
Transverse maximum	14.6	14	13.8	12.6	13.6	14	14.2	14.8	15	13.8	14.6	14	14.1	14.5	15
Sus auricular	12.6	13	12.6	11.8	12.7	13.6	13.1	13.6	13.6	12.4	13.6	12.8	13.1	13.5	13.2
Temporal maximum	14.6	14	13.8	12.6	13.6	13.5	14.1	14.8	15	13.6	14.6	13.8	14	14.2	14.6
Frontal minimum	10.7	10.3	10.8	10	10.2	11.1	11.1	10.6	12.2	10.4	14.4	11.3	11.1	10.6	11.1
Campers facial angle	76	63	76	65	71	77	71	73	74	71	65	74	70	65	75
Facial line length	7.1	8.5	7.4	7.6	7.2	7.7	7.3	9.6	7.9	8.1	8.8	7.8	7.8	9.3	9.6
Facial triangle base	9	10.8	10.5	10.5	10.8	10.5	10.8	10.8	10.6	10.5	11	10.5	10.2	11.2	10.3
Chin to hair	16.9	20.5	19.4	18.7	19.3	19.5	18.9	20.8	19.6	19.8	21.3	20	18.4	21	20.2
Ophryon to alveolar point	7.9	10.2	8.5	8.7	8.8	8.1	8	8.8	7.4	8.5	9.4	8.2	8	8.9	8.1
Bi-zygomatic width	13.8	14.1	13.8	13.2	13.7	14.6	14.2	15	14.7	13.7	15	13.4	14	14.5	14.5
Nose length	4	5.8	4.6	5	4.9	5	5.2	5.6	4.9	5.6	6.2	4.9	4.9	5.6	5.1
Nose width	3.9	5	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.4	5.4	5.1	4.8	5.2	4.9	4.6	5	4.6	5.2
Ophryon to hair	4	7	6.7	6	7	8	6.9	8.9	7.4	7.5	8.4	7.4	5.9	—	8.1
Ophryon to root of nose	2	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2	2	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.2	1.6	2	2.7	2.2
Ophryon to sub-nasal point	5.9	8.1	7.2	7.6	7.2	6.7	6.8	7.7	6.8	7.5	7.9	7	6.7	7.6	7
Sub-nasal points to chin	7	8.4	7.3	7.3	7.5	7	7.4	6.9	7.1	7.6	7.6	7.4	7.9	7.6	7.3
Bi-orbital width	9.8	10.1	9.8	9.5	9.9	10.6	9.9	10.5	10.5	9.7	10.2	10.2	10.5	10.1	10.4
Bi-caroncular width	4.2	4.3	4.2	4.3	4	4.7	4.7	—	—	—	4.4	4.6	4.3	4	4.3
Length of eye	3.1	3	3.1	3.5	3	3.1	2.7	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.1
Bi-malar width	11.2	12.8	10.6	11.6	11.8	11.8	13.2	13.6	14	11.8	13.2	12	11.3	12.6	12.2
Buccal width	5.3	5.5	5.6	5.8	5.5	6.2	5.6	6.3	5.7	5.9	6.2	6.4	5.6	6	6.2
Bi-goniaque width	9.8	11	10.4	9.8	10.7	7.8	8.2	10.8	10.2	10	10.2	10	8.3	10.2	9.6
Cephalic index	80.2	73.6	70.2	68.9	70.8	73.6	78.3	72.5	79.3	72.6	76.8	74.4	77.3	80.5	75
Trunk and Limb Measurements—
Total height	160	160	166.5	174.2	162.8	165	174	170	173.2	164.2	165	167.5	167	162.5	178.2
Height to ear	146.5	146	154	160.5	150.2	152.5	160.5	157	159	151.5	151	154.5	155	150	166.5
Height to chin	140	138.2	144.2	152	141	147.5	152.5	146.5	151.5	143	142.5	147	146	140.5	157.3
Height to acromion	134	136	139	146	134	136	147.5	141	147	137	137	140.5	141	134.8	152.8
Height to epicondyle	101	102.8	103	112	102	101	114	107	108.5	105	104.6	106	105	102.5	116
Height to styloid apophysis	76	76	78	86.5	75	74	84	74	80.5	79.2	79	80.5	79	77	88.5
Height to sternal notch	131	133	139	145	134.5	138	144	139	142.5	135.5	135.5	139	140	136	152
Height to breast	119	118.5	124	131	119	122	130.5	124.5	128	123.2	122.8	125.7	129	122	138.8
Height to umbilicus	96.5	100	103	105	100	102	108.5	103.4	104.5	99	100	102	106.5	100.5	112.5
Height to iliac spine	93	97	99	100	94	98	105	97.5	100	93.5	96.5	97.5	101	94	108
Height to trochanter	86	91	92	95	90	92	98	92	94	85	91	91.5	92	90	102
Height to knee	46	48	49	51	46	50.5	51.5	48.5	50	47	50.8	50.5	51	47	54.8
Height of greatest calf swelling	32	32	34	36	35	38	40	37.5	36	35	35	35	36	37	38
Total length of arm	75	76.5	76	80	77	79	81	81	79	76	77	78.5	78.5	75.2	84.4
Large span of hand	15.5	15.8	16.2	15.7	15.3	19.5	22	18.5	16.5	16.4	17.5	17	16.5	15.5	16.7
Small span of hand	17.6	16.1	18.2	17.2	17.3	20	22.3	—	18.6	17.7	17.7	18.7	18.5	16.4	18.5
Length of thumb	9.6	9.9	11.1	11	11.2	10.5	10.5	12	10.5	11	11	10.7	10.5	10.5	11.5
Length of medius	10.2	10.2	12	11.5	11	10	11.2	12.5	11	11.5	11.2	11.4	11	11	11.8
Distance of the two acromions	33.5	32.5	33	31.5	33	35	32.5	36.5	31.5	33	32	31	37.5	31	34.5
Clavicular length	16.5	15.8	16	15.5	15.5	16	16.5	17.2	15	16.5	14.8	15.5	17	15.2	16
Circumference at arm pits	83	85.5	90	89.5	92.5	97	87.5	94.5	91.5	91.2	90.5	88	87.5	90.5	91.5
Circumference at waist	65.5	75	73.5	74	69.5	78	75	75	73.5	80	78	71.5	74.5	70	70.5
Distance of the two iliac points	23	22	21.4	25.2	21.2	24	26	23	22	23.5	24	23.5	22	22.4	24
Maximum distance of iliac crests	26	27.2	25	27	25	26.5	29	28.5	26	27	27	—	28	25.2	28
Distance of two great trochanters	27.5	25.5	26.8	27.5	27	25	28	26.6	25	26	27	26	25	26.8	—
Maximum circumference of calf	27	26.5	30.5	30	28.5	29.5	28	34.5	35.5	34	33.5	34	34	30	27.5
Minimum circumference of calf	16.5	18	18	18.2	18	18.5	17	18.5	16.2	19.5	19	20.5	21	18.2	18.2
Length of foot	23.8	23.4	25.2	26.2	24.2	24.5	26.5	26.8	26	25.5	25.5	26	25.8	23.8	25
Pre-malleolar length	16	16.5	18	18.8	18	18	18.5	18.5	18	18	17	17.5	18.5	16.2	17
Length of great toe	6	6	6.5	6.8	5.8	7	7.2	7.8	7.5	7.4	7.8	6.5	7.2	6	7.5
Height when seated	77	71	79.8	80.5	76	76.5	78	82.5	82	80	82	82	77	76	81
Breadth across extended arms	168.5	171	173	174	168.8	172	178	176.5	165	170.3	169.8	173	173.5	171	183.2
Colour of skin	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28
Colour of eye	3+18	3+18	3+18	3+18	3+18	3+18	3+18	3+18	3+18	3+18	3+18	3	3+18	3+18	—

16. Male.	17. Male.	18. Male.	19. Male.	20. Male.	21. Female.	22. Female.	23. Female.	24. Female.	25. Female.	26. Female.	27. Female.	28. Female.	29. Female.	30. Female.	Observations.
19.1	18	19.3	19.8	20.1	18	18.8	18	18	17.6	17.1	18.3	18.4	18.3	18.2
14	14	14.8	13.8	14.4	13.6	13.6	13.5	13.3	13.8	13.8	13.6	14	13.8	13.6
13	13.1	13.4	12.2	13.8	12.2	12.4	12	12.2	12.4	12.6	11.4	12.8	12.5	12.4
14	14	14.8	13.8	14.4	13.4	13.6	13.5	13.3	13.4	13.6	13.6	14	13.8	13.6
10.1	10.1	10.6	10.5	10.9	10.8	10.8	10.8	11.2	10.7	10.2	10.6	10.8	11.1	10
73	65	65	63	70	78	78	78	69	78	75	76	71	72	75
8	7.6	9.9	9.4	8.2	6.9	7.9	6.9	7.6	7.3	7	7.2	7.9	7.1	7.1
10.4	10.5	11	11.5	11	10.2	10	9.3	10.3	9.5	9.5	10.2	10.8	10	9.8
19.9	19.1	20.1	20.1	26	17.5	16.9	16.9	18.1	17.1	16.4	16.8	17.7	16.4	17
—	8	8.7	9.5	8.9	8	8.2	6.8	8	8.3	7.5	8.1	8.2	7.5	7.3
14.1	13.8	15.1	14.1	14.8	13.1	12.8	12.8	13.3	13.2	13.2	12.4	14.5	13.1	13
5.1	5.1	5.1	5	5.2	4.6	4.9	4.3	5.2	4.6	4.4	5.1	4.7	4	4.4
4.8	5.2	4.8	4.9	5	4	4.5	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.1	4.9	4.4	4.4
7.6	6.9	8.4	7.9	8.3	5.2	4.5	5.6	5.5	5.6	5.6	4.3	5.6	5.2	5.8
1.9	1.8	2.2	2.8	3	1.8	1.9	2.1	1.9	2	2	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.2
6.9	6.8	8.2	7.8	7.8	6.3	7	6.3	6.7	6.8	6.1	6.8	6.9	6.3	6.5
6.9	7.5	6.6	7.8	7.7	6.8	7	6.4	7.3	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.8	6	5.9
10.5	9.9	10.5	10.7	11.2	10.5	10.2	9.8	9.9	10.6	9.9	10.5	10.9	9.8	9.9
4.4	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.5	3.6	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.2	—	4	3.8
3.5	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.2	3.2	3.2
12	11.2	13.2	12.6	13.2	11.8	11	10.4	11.8	12.1	11.2	10.8	13.6	11.4	10.6
6.4	5.5	5.8	5.6	6.5	5.5	6	5.2	4.7	5.3	5.6	5.5	5.7	5.6	5.1
9.2	10.8	10.2	9.6	10.1	—	9	9	9.4	9.6	8.8	9.8	10	9.8	9.4
73.3	77.7	76.6	69.6	71.9	75.5	73.8	75	73.8	78.4	80.7	74.3	76	75.4	74.7
165	163	170.8	158.2	160.5	155.3	156.5	151.5	158	158	154	163	163	156.5	152.2
153	154.5	157.2	148	148.5	144	145.2	141	144.8	147	143	151.5	151	144	141.5
143.5	—	149.5	139.8	139	133	134.4	131.5	137	138	133.5	141.5	140.3	135	132.8
136	139.5	144	135	135.5	127.5	130.2	127.5	132	132	129.2	137	136.5	129.8	122.8
104	106.5	108	100.5	104	97	100.2	97.6	100.2	101	98.5	105	103.2	100.5	91
76	75.5	81	76	78.2	73.2	75.5	72.2	75.5	76	75.2	80	75	75.2	67
138	138.2	140	132	134.2	127.3	130.5	123.5	128	131.5	130	135.5	135	129.5	125.5
123	124	125.5	121	118	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
100	103.5	105.8	100	97	94	98	94.5	97	95	96	100.5	100	95	92
97	97	102	95	93	89	95	92	92	92	96.5	96	96	93	88
90.5	91.5	95	91	85	80.5	84	82	80	—	84	87	87	85	81
51	49	50.5	47	47	43	44	45	44	46.5	45.4	46.5	47.5	45.5	43
35.5	35	32	35	36	31	31	30	32	32	32	32	36	33	30
78	77.5	81.5	77.2	75	71.3	71	73	74	73.5	71.5	74.8	77.2	73	71.5
16.3	17.5	16.7	15.7	16.2	15.5	13.9	18.9	14.9	16.5	14	15.8	17.3	15.5	14.3
19	19.5	18.5	18.2	19.2	16.6	15.7	15.9	16.2	18.7	17.3	16.8	18.2	16.6	15.4
10.5	11	11.1	10	11	10	10.2	10	10.8	10.5	10.2	10	10.2	10	10.2
11.2	11.6	12	10.2	11.5	10.5	10.3	10.5	11	11	11	11.2	11	10.6	10.8
31.5	30.5	30.5	31.5	31	29	27.5	21	28	30.5	33	31	29	29.5	27
14.5	15.8	15.5	15	15	14	13	13.5	13.5	13.5	15.8	15	14	14.3	13.2
85.5	93	88	94	96	79.5	87	78	83	85	86	78.5	86	82.5	76.5
73	73	76	77	75.5	68	70	64.5	71	71	66	71	78	70.5	54.5
23.1	23.2	24.3	23.6	23.8	21.5	22	21.4	23	—	21.4	24.1	24.8	22	22.8
26	25.8	28.8	25.5	26	24.6	23.5	25.2	24.5	—	24.2	26	29.5	26	25
26.5	26.8	28.5	27.2	28.8	26	25.5	25	25.5	—	26	29	31	26.5	26
29	35	32	32	34	29	30	28	30.5	30	32.5	28.3	32	29.8	28
18	18.5	18.5	19	19	17	19.5	18.8	19	19	20	16.5	18.5	17.8	17.5
24	24.8	26	23.5	25.8	22.8	23.5	22.6	24	22.8	23.5	24.3	24	23.5	23
17.3	17.5	18.5	16	17.5	16	16	15.8	17.5	16.5	16.8	17.8	16.5	17	16.5
6.8	6.2	6.5	6.2	7	6	6	6	6.5	5.5	5.5	6	6.2	6.4	6
76	—	77.5	72.5	75	76	78.5	73.5	72.8	77	75	78.5	79.2	76.3	74
172	173	177.2	171	165.5	158.5	157	157	163.8	161	160	167	168	159.8	158
28	28	28	28	28	28	29	29	29	28	29	29	29	29	28
3+18	—	—	3+18	3+18	1	2	2	2	3	2	2+18	2+18	2+18	2

The measurements throughout are expressed in centimetres. The numbers which follow the colour of the skin and the eye refer to the coloured plates at the end of Broca's Instructions Anthropologiques, 2nd edition, Paris, 1879. In the case of the eye the numbers 3+18 imply that the general ground of the iris corresponds to colour 3, but that round the outer margin there is a tinge of colour 18. Unless otherwise stated in the case of the men, the beard is black and frizzled, the hair on the head wavy, and the body with a sparse coating of crisp short hairs, only noticeable on close inspection. The following notes refer to the individuals numbered. No. 1, beard wavy, skin smooth, very few hairs. No. 2, hair grey, fairly well developed on arms and legs. No. 5, old man, hair grey and scanty on head. No. 6, elderly man, hair grey, beard not abundant, teeth worn flat. No. 8, considerable disparity in size of calf of the legs, not due to accident. No. 12, length of left clavicle. No. 14 of right, 15.5; beard especially frizzled. No. 13, strongly-marked platycnemic and camptocnemic condition of legs. No. 15, very old man, nearly blind; teeth all present, but worn level with the gums. No. 16, legs especially covered with curly black hairs, 12–20 mm. in length. No. 17, colour of eye between 2 and 3 with tinge of 18. No. 20, very old man, body with strong development of hairs, especially on the chest. No. 21, woman of Kaitish tribe, top left incisor knocked out; two children. No. 22, one child. No. 23, one child; hair of head has a distinct rusty tinge. No. 24, Kaitish tribe, top left incisor knocked out; no children. No. 25, one child. No. 26, no child, left upper incisor knocked out; woman belongs to Eastern Arunta. No. 27, no children; Eastern Arunta woman, top left incisor knocked out. No. 28, three children; left upper incisor knocked out. No. 29, two children, slight development of hair under chin. No. 30, two children.

1 Instructions générales pour les Recherches Anthropologiques. M. P. Broca, Société d' Anthropologie de Paris. Paris, 1879. For the instruments used we are indebted to the kindness of Professor J. T. Wilson of Sydney University.

Footnotes

643:1 Instructions générales pour les Recherches Anthropologiques. M. P. Broca, Société d' Anthropologie de Paris. Paris, 1879. For the instruments used we are indebted to the kindness of Professor J. T. Wilson of Sydney University.

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