Chapter 2

2 ².

1. 'There are three things, O Bhikkhus, by which, when a Tagganiya-kamma is characterised, it is against the Dhamma, and against the Vinaya, and difficult to be settled; (that is to say), when it has not been carried out in a full assembly of properly qualified persons, 'according to law and justice, and in the presence of the litigant parties ³--when it has been carried out without the accused person having been heard--when it has been carried out without the accused person having confessed himself guilty. A Tagganiya-kamma, O Bhikkhus, characterised

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by these three things is against the Dhamma, and against the Vinaya, and difficult to be settled.

'There are other three things, O Bhikkhus, by which, when a Tagganiya-kamma has been characterised, it is against the Dhamma, and against the Vinaya, and difficult to be settled; (that is to say), when it has been carried out though no fault has been committed--when it has been carried out for a Pârâgika or a Samghâdisesa offence ¹--when it has been carried out though the fault has been confessed. A Tagganiya-kamma, O Bhikkhus, characterised (&c., as before, down to) settled.

There are other three things, O Bhikkhus, by which, when a Tagganiya-kamma has been characterised, it is against the Dhamma, and against the Vinaya, and difficult to be settled; (that is to say), when it has been carried out without the accused person having been warned--when it has been carried out without the accused person having been called upon to remember (whether he has or has not committed the offence)--when it has been carried out without the accused person having been convicted. A Tagganiya-kamma, O Bhikkhus, characterised (&c., as before, down to) settled.

'There are other three things, O Bhikkhus, by which, when a Tagganiya-kamma has been characterised, it is against the Dhamma, and against the Vinaya, and difficult to be settled; (that is to say), when it has not been carried out in a properly constituted meeting properly conducted ²--when it has

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been carried out without justice ¹--when it has been carried out without the presence and approval of all the Bhikkhus belonging to the particular circuit ². A Tagganiya-kamma, O Bhikkhus, characterised by these three things is (&c., as before, down to) settled.

There are other three things, O Bhikkhus, by which, when a Tagganiya-kamma has been characterised, it is against the Dhamma, and against the Vinaya, and difficult to be settled; (that is to say), when it has been carried out without the accused person having been heard--when it has been carried out without justice--when it has been carried out without the presence and approval of all the Bhikkhus belonging to the circuit. A Tagganiya-kamma, O Bhikkhus, characterised by these three things is (&c., as before, down to) settled.

'There are other three things (&c., as before, down to) that is to say, when it has been carried out without the accused person having been convicted--when it has been carried out without justice--when it has been carried out without the presence and approval of all the Bhikkhus belonging to the circuit.'

[And in a similar way each of the three things in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this section are united with the two things just repeated in each of paragraphs 4, 5, and 6, to make six further cases in which a Tagganiya-kamma is declared to be against the Dhamma, and against the Vinaya, and difficult to be revoked.]

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Here end the twelve cases of a proceeding (Kamma) which is against the law.

Footnotes

332:2 Repeated below, chapters Io, 14, and 19.

332:3 All these details are involved in the meaning of the technical term asammukhatâ, which is fully explained in Kullavagga IV, 14, 16, and following.

333:1 Buddhaghosa says, Adesanâgâminiyâ ti Pârâgikâpattiyâ vâ Samghâdisesâpattiyâ vâ.

333:2 As in the first paragraph of this section more fully described, The word here used is the same.

334:1 Adhammena; perhaps 'contrary to the Rules.'

334:2 Vaggena for vi + aggena, the opposite of samaggena. See our note on the 21st Pâkittiya, and Mahâvagga IX, 3, 5.