Fifth Question

The Upanishads, Part 2 (SBE15), by Max Müller, [1879], at sacred-texts.com

FIFTH QUESTION.

1. Then Saivya Satyakâma asked him:--'Sir, if some one among men should meditate here until death on the syllable Om, what would he obtain by it?'

2. He replied: 'O Satyakâma, the syllable Om (AUM) is the highest and also the other Brahman;

p. 282

therefore he who knows it arrives by the same means ¹ at one of the two.

3. If he meditate on one Mâtrâ (the A) ², then, being enlightened by that only, he arrives quickly at the earth ³. The Rik-verses lead him to the world of men, and being endowed there with penance, abstinence, and faith, he enjoys greatness.

4. If he meditate with ⁴ two Mâtrâs (A + U) he arrives at the Manas ⁵, and is led up by the Yagus-verses to the sky, to the Soma-world. Having enjoyed greatness in the Soma-world, he returns again.

5. Again, he who meditates with this syllable AUM of three Mâtrâs, on the Highest Person, he comes to light and to the sun. And as a snake is freed from its skin, so is he freed from evil. He is led up by the Sâman-verses to the Brahma-world ⁶; and from him, full of life (Hiranyagarbha, the lord of the Satya-loka ⁷), he learns ⁸ to see the all-pervading, the Highest Person. And there are these two Slokas:

6. The three Mâtrâs (A + U + M), if employed separate, and only joined one to another, are mortal ⁹;

p. 283

but in acts, external, internal, or intermediate, if well performed, the sage trembles not ¹.

7. Through the Rik-verses he arrives at this world, through the Yagus-verses at the sky, through the Sâman-verses at that which the poets teach,--he arrives at this by means of the Oṅkâra; the wise arrives at that which is at rest, free from decay, from death, from fear,--the Highest.'

Footnotes

282:1 Âyatanena, âlambanena.

282:2 Dîpikâyâm Vâkaspatinaivâkâramâtram ityeva vyâkhyâtam.

282:3 Sampadyate prâpnoti ganmeti seshah.

282:4 Srutau tritîyâ dvitîyârthe.

282:5 Literally the mind, but here meant for the moon, as before. It is clear that manasi belongs to sampadyate, not, as the Dîpikâ and Roer think, to dhyâyîta. Some take it for svapnâbhimânî Hiranyagarbhah.

282:6 The world of Hiranyagarbhah, called the Satyaloka.

282:7 On a later addition, bringing in the Om as consisting of three Mâtrâs and a half, see Weber, Ind. Stud. I, p. 453; Roer, p. 238.

282:8 Tadupadeseneti yâvat.

282:9 Because in their separate form, A, U, M, they do not mean the Highest Brahman.

283:1 The three acts are explained as waking, slumbering, and deep sleep; or as three kinds of pronunciation, târa-mandra-madhyama. They are probably meant for Yoga exercises in which the three Mâtrâs of Om are used as one word, and as an emblem of the Highest Brahman.